

Preparing Your Final Files
Table of Contents
- Know This: Things Will Not Move Quickly
- I Need to Sign a Publication Agreement
- I Need Open Access
- House Style: CMOS with BJPS Characteristics
- Overview
- Elements your paper should include
- My paper contains figures. What now?
- My paper contains definitions, proofs, and so on. What now?
- My paper contains language. What now?
- My paper contains citations. What now?
- My paper uses data and/or code. What now?
- My paper was written using LaTeX. What now?
- Show me a sample paper
There will be a long delay before we get your typeset, copyedited paper prepared and in print.
There has been a substantial increase in the number of submissions we have received in recent years. At the same time, our acceptance rate has remained fairly stable. Thus, there are many more papers that need to be carefully guided through the production process.
There are two ways to deal with this increase:
- Impose a substantial pause on accepting new papers. This option would particularly harm early-career philosophers of science, who have a limited number of suitable venues for their work and can’t afford to wait as long as later-career folks.
- Substantially increase the cost of the journal to cover the labour costs involved in publishing more pages per year. This option would particularly harm low-income readers and institutions. Because a delay in production is closer to an inconvenience than a harm, we’ve chosen this path.
You can see how many papers are ahead of yours in the queue here.
We do aim to get your final draft online as soon as possible, usually within a few weeks. This means that your paper will be issued with a DOI, and should count as published for the purposes of your CV, hiring/promotion boards, grant committees, and so on.
IMPORTANT Because the final version you send us will appear online for some time before you can ask for corrections, it is vital that you closely follow the instructions below. If we have to intervene in your manuscript to meet the requirements below, this increases the chance of errors being introduced into your paper.
- We cannot publish your paper without a signed publication agreement.
- You can find a copy of the publication agreement here. This must be uploaded with your final files.
- Please provide all information requested on page 1 and your signature on page 4.
- Co-authors may grant one author permission to sign on their behalf. The signing author must tick ‘Author signing on behalf of joint author(s)’ and list the names of all co-authors.
- There are three OA routes: Green, Gold CC BY-NC, or Gold CC BY. More details on each of these options below.
- The BJPS is already Green OA compliant, so you do not need to request this option. Note that many funders, such as the ERC, only require Green OA. To comply with ERC guidelines, you must simply deposit a copy your paper in an online repository after the BJPS’s 12-month embargo period elapses.
- Please contact the BJPS Editorial Office directly if you wish to pursue open access via the Gold CC BY-NC or Gold CC BY routes when sending us your final files.
The University of Chicago Press supports green OA across its entire portfolio of journals. Authors have the ability, at no cost, to self-archive their own work and make it freely available through non-commercial institutional or disciplinary repositories. Authors may deposit either the published PDF of their article or the Author’s Accepted Manuscript (AAM)—the version of the manuscript that is accepted for publication in the journal, after peer review and prior to copyediting—with a 12-month post-publication embargo on public availability.
If your funder requests an embargo of less than 12 months, you must apply for any available waivers from your funding body or institution. If a waiver is not granted, you may deposit your manuscript according to the terms of the mandate, but in that case, only the AAM (that is, not the typeset, copyedited version) may be deposited.
If your funder or institution requires that a Creative Commons licence be applied, you may only deposit the AAM. The AAM should be made available under a CC BY-NC license, which allows for its non-commercial reuse.
If your funder or institution states that an alternate licence, such as a CC BY-ND or CC BY licence, is required, you should apply (if possible) for a waiver and request to use the CC BY-NC instead. If you are denied permission to use a CC BY-NC licence, you may post the AAM in a green OA repository with a CC BY-ND or CC BY licence as required by your funder or institution.
Please note that most funder mandates can be accommodated with green OA, and it is the option to choose if your funder allows you to meet its requirement via the green OA route.
The gold OA option is provided primarily for authors with research funding from an organization that mandates gold OA as a condition of publication and does not permit green OA as a route to compliance. The fee is $2,500. It is expected that the funder and the grant will be noted in the acknowledgments of the manuscript in the conventional manner. Articles published as gold OA are made available under a CC BY-NC licence.
If a CC BY or other license is required by your funding body, please notify the editorial office. Articles published under CC BY license are subject to an additional fee.
- Anonymization: This version should not be anonymized. Add your name, fix/restore citations to your own work, and add any acknowledgements. (Note: Do not forgot to thank your referees!)
- Citations: Check your citations, especially that you have provided page numbers for direct quotations. You will be required to provide this information during the copyediting process, but it will be considerably easier on you to source this information now. It will also be less annoying for readers of this version of your paper! (But don’t confuse page range with page numbers, and online-only sources don’t need page numbers.)
- Accessibility: Lots of the measures we ask you to take below concern making your paper accessible to all readers. These measures are non-negotiable.
- Title. Set in title case (see details about capitalization below).
- Author Name(s). The ordering of names is left to co-authors to determine (and notes on this matter should be included in the acknowledgements section).
- Abstract. No more than 300 words, and ideally fewer. Less is more.
- ORCID. If you and/or your co-authors have ORCID numbers, include it next.
- Main text comes next.
- Appendix. Any appendices are placed immediately after the main text.
- Acknowledgements. Don’t forget to thank your referees (or risk an enemy for life). Include details of any funders. Avoid abbreviations.
- Conflicts of Interest. This section must be included, even if only to state that the author has no conflicts of interest. Your paper will not be published without this statement.
- Next list your department, university, city, country, and email address. Only include author name where there are multiple authors.
- References. List all and only those sources cited in the paper. Details of citation style below.
- Unless you tell us otherwise, we will assume that you are happy with black and white printing. If you want to pay for colour printing, get in touch with the editorial office for a quotation as soon as possible.
- I want black and white printing: Make sure the images you send us make sense in black and white. Also, make sure the paper makes sense if you began with colour images (e.g. that it does not refer to colour terms like ‘blue lines’ or ‘red squares’).
- I want colour printing: Make sure as far as possible that the images are optimized for colour-blindness.
- Your paper contains figures: Include both a caption and an alt text description. label each clearly. Alt text is not simply a longer label but rather a pretty literal description of the image for those who rely on text-to-voice readers; advice on how to write effective alt text can be found here.
- Your figures contain text: Use Times New Roman for any text.
- Your figures won’t appear where you placed them: Include a reference at the relevant point in the text (for example, ‘see figure 1’). The figure will be placed as close as possible to its first in-text mention, rather than exactly where you put them in your final files.
- Sending us your figures: We need them their original formats (.jpg, .png, .tiff) and not, for example, embedded in a word document.
- Your paper includes photographs: Photographs need to be 20–26 picas wide at 300 DPI to meet minimum quality standards for print.
- Your figures require permission: Where permission to reprint images that are not your own is required, it is the your responsibility to obtain it. Evidence of permission to reprint should be included as part of the final files you submit. It is also the your responsibility to include any acknowledgements stipulated by particular institutions, publishers, or copyright licence for the reproduction of such figures or tables.
The big picture: There are a number of steps we ask you to take in order to make your paper more accessible (for example, for people who rely on text-to-voice readers). For the most part, this amounts to the advice: use your words!
- Outside of mathematical notation, avoid using typefaces to convey meaning. Typefaces such as italics are not preserved by text-to-voice readers, so if they are doing any heavy lifting in your sentence, that meaning will be lost to listeners. Rephrase so your point can be understood.
- For similar reasons, refrain from using font styles as shorthand (if you don’t, we will—and you may not like our alternatives). For example, if you introduce a definition, law, or similar, give it a ‘readable’ name. For example:
- ‘The principal principle’ is acceptable; ‘principal’, ‘principal’, and ‘PRINCIPAL’ are not.
- ‘Ohm’s law’ is acceptable; ‘Ohm’, ‘Ohm’, and ‘Ohm’ are not.
- ‘The concept of dog’ is acceptable; ‘Dog’ is not
- Abbreviations are mostly a convenience for writers, not readers. (They can also mask grammatical and other errors.) Keep them to a minimum, since they unnecessarily increase the cognitive load for the reader (UITCLFTR). Far fewer things need to be abbreviated than usually are and, in particular, a term that only appears a few times throughout the text does not need to be abbreviated. The fix is also easy: find and replace the relevant abbreviations before you submit your final files.
- Label only those things that you will be referring back to later in the text, whether they are points, equations, or anything else. Multiple numbered lists can lead to (1) ambiguity and (2) confusion, and (3) are mostly unnecessary. They also tend to suggest the point will be referenced later, and so again unnecessarily increase the cognitive load of the reader.
- Lists of three or more in-text citations should be moved to the footnotes.
- Parochial references—such as ‘this country’, ‘our legal system’, ‘the Department of Education’, ‘the Constitution’, and so on—should be avoided. Be specific in identifying people, places, institutions, and other entities in full so it is clear for all readers.
- No form of language or expression should be used that could be interpreted by a reader as being racist, sexist, derogatory of a particular religion or creed, or otherwise offensive.
Accommodating these points can require small changes in how you have written a given sentence, to maintain your overall argument or the flow of your writing. Again, if you don’t take these steps yourself, someone else will and you may not like the specific solutions they adopt.
In more detail…
| Avoid the use of e.g., i.e., vs., viz., and etc. | |
| Abbreviations: omit the end of a word or words. Include full points. | Lieut. cent. assoc. ed. |
| Contractions: omit the middle of a word or words. Omit full points. | Dr eds Mrs St |
| Acronyms: formed from the initial letters of words. Do not include any full stops (periods). |
AWOL NATO UK USA |
| Place abbreviation in parentheses after the first occurrence of the full term. Thereafter, an abbreviation may be used without explanation. Reiterate full term in (sub)section headings. | The research was carried out by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) in July 2007. |
| Tip! Do not use terms such as ‘ibid.’, ‘id.’ and ‘cf.’. As with ‘see above’ and ‘see opposite’, such terminology is irrelevant in digital form, where the page may be formatted differently and artwork, tables, and references are linked rather than placed in the text. |
| When to use title case | • Title of paper and section headings: This Is the Title (1) The Is the First Section … • Titles of books, journals, papers, chapters, and anything else that appears in the bibliography … • Proper nouns: British Museum United Nations Bridge of Sighs |
| When to use lower case | • Subsection headings, (1.1) This is a subsection: Largely in lower case except after the colon … • the Born rule the principal principle Newton’s law chapter 1 section 2 equation 3 point 4 example 5 figure 6 … • After hyphenated prefixes: Co-evolution Non-linearity Pre-clinical … • Prepositions less than five letters long where title case otherwise applies: ‘The Cat Among the Pigeons and the Bird in the Hand’ |
| British style formulates as: day, month, year. | 11 November 1918 |
| An ellipsis surrounding by square brackets are used to indicate content omitted from a quotation. | |
| You should use three full points, spaced from each other and from the words either side. | ‘Political language [. . .] is designed to make lies sound truthful.’ As Smith explains: ‘[…] once you pop, you just can’t stop’. |
| Where the preceding sentence ends immediately before the ellipsis, remove the punctuation. Exceptions: quotation marks, exclamation marks, question marks. | ‘A nightingale began to sing [. . .] It was a strange sound to hear.’ ‘Where was Godfrey? [. . .] They said he was murdered yesterday.’ |
| Twice the length of an en rule. | |
| Oxford style uses it as a parenthetical dash. No space is required either side of the em rule. | There is nothing—absolutely nothing—half so much worth doing as simply messing about in boats. |
| Longer than a hyphen. | |
| Used to close up elements that form a range. | pp. 23–36 1939–45 |
| Used to express a connection or relation between words; roughly meaning ‘to’ or ‘and’. | Monday–Saturday Dover–Calais |
| Used instead of a solidus (/). | parent–offspring relationship Lotka–Volterra equations |
| Used to join words together to form compound terms and expressions. | short-lived phase-space |
| We will use the OED to determine whether two elements should be hyphenated, run together, or set as single words, and apply one form consistently. | airstream, air stream, or air-stream |
| There are some particular rules that govern placement of hyphens in compound terms and expressions depending on how the terms and expressions are made up. No hyphens after adverbs |
a well-known story (but the story is well known) the softly spoken man |
| Words with prefixes are usually written without hyphens, unless there is a collision of vowels or consonants. | predetermine multinational but anti-intellectual pre-eminent |
| Note that ‘cooperate’ and ‘coordinate’ do not need a hyphen. |
| Consistent application of italics throughout the text is crucial. | Italic type |
| Avoid the use of italics for emphasis | These will be stripped out |
| Avoid italics for naming definitions, proofs, theorems, and so on (where necessary, use quotation marks instead) | These will be stripped out |
| Use italics: | |
| For non-English words | the catenaccio defensive system employed by the Italians a posteriori a priori et al. inter alia prima facie qua c. (circa) de novo ex parte ex post facto in situ joie de vivre passim raison d‘être stare decisis |
| For binomial nomenclature | Homo sapiens |
| For titles of books, journals, works of art, films, and other self-contained works. | A Christmas Carol Journal of Infectious Diseases Mona Lisa The Times West Side Story |
| For the names of places and institutions. | Pont du Gard Österreichische Nationalbibliothek |
| For foreign or Latin words that have become naturalized into English. | It was a delicious croissant via |
| In a list of three or more items, insert a comma before the ‘and’ or ‘or’. | red, white, and blue feminine, masculine, or neuter |
| No comma is used for two items in a list. | convex and concave |
| Spell out numbers up to and including nine and use figures from 100. (Note that where they are necessary, compound numbers are hyphenated.) | four twenty-five 117 |
| Exceptions: | |
| units of measurement (use figures); | 3 kilometres |
| dates (use figures); | 12 May 1950 |
| approximate numbers (use words); | Two hundred and fifty gold bars were stolen. |
| at the beginning of the sentence (use words); | One thousand people came. |
| round numbers of a million or more (use figures and words) | £8.5 million |
| In non-technical texts, separate using comma, not space, in numbers of five digits or more. | 1000 10,000 250,000 |
| Note that in texts where numbers are frequently used: | |
| Remove the comma for numbers of four digits or more. | 1000 |
| For decimal quantities of less than one insert a zero before the point. Use a full point on the line for the decimal point (not at midline). | 0.5 0.768 |
| Include final two digits in number ranges. | 25–26 120–22 1001–22 |
| Tip! Use an en rule (–) between the numbers in a range (pp. 123–29, 1939–45, or 9.30–5.30). | |
| Quotation marks are not used around displayed quotations | |
| Use single quotation marks first; use double quotation marks for quoted matter within a quotation. | Weber saw it as embodying ‘the typical power of the “non-economic”’. ‘Have you any idea what “red mercury” is?’ |
| Creates ambiguity in many instances | Avoid ‘black/white’. Instead, specify: ‘black and/or white’ or ‘black and white’ or ‘black or white’ |
| Otherwise, use en-dash | parent–offspring relationship Lotka–Volterra equations mind–brain interactions |
| Oxford spelling | Colour, behaviour, favour Modelling, travelled Programme, analogue, judgement Analyse, scepticism, defence, centre BUT: conditionalization, operationalize |
| When an abbreviated unit is used with a number, the number should be followed by a space. | 10 g 1.423 km |
All of these elements are formatted in the same way
Label in Title Case and Bold: Text of definition; not indented; same size as main text.
For example:
Proof 1: Here is my proof. □
Law of the Jungle: For any jungle, J, there is one king of the swingers, JVIP, where JVIP ≤ top and JVIP ≠ man.
Full details below on how to handle specific types of work you might want to cite, but this image highlights some of the key features of our referencing style

All author names are given in the same way: last name, followed by the initials of the first and any middle names.
Publication year in round parentheses, followed by a full stop.
Book and journal titles are set in italics.
Article and chapter titles are enclosed in single quotation marks.
Page numbers exclude repeated digits except for final two.
Online-only material should include the url or doi.
For papers with ten authors or fewer, list all names. For papers with more than ten authors, the list may be abbreviated to the first seven authors, followed by ‘et al.’.
List all the names of the editors.
Papers that have been accepted for publication but have not yet been assigned an issue/appeared in print should be listed as forthcoming (the ‘published online’ date may not match the final publication date). No page numbers will be available (do not use page range), but please do provide the url or doi of the paper.
Material in online repositories should be listed as ‘unpublished’
- Be specific: Do not use ‘ibid.’ and similar.
- Be specific: Cite page numbers where possible, and always for quotations (unless it is an online-only source).
- Keep the details together: If the name of an author is mentioned, place the in-text citation next to it (otherwise, place the entire citation at the end of the sentence or relevant phrase).
- Lists are arranged chronologically: (Bennett 1990; Smith 1995; Abbott 2000).
- Three or more citations, as in the previous sentence, should be moved into the footnotes.
- In-text citations differ depending on whether you are referring to the author(s) or the work(s).
-
- Referring to a person:
As Smith (2001, pp. 145–56) argues…
- Referring to a person:
-
- Referring to a work:
As argued in (Smith 2001, pp. 145–56)…
- Referring to a work:
-
- Referring to multiple people:
As Smith (2001, pp. 145–56) and Jones (2022, chap. 7) argue…
- Referring to multiple people:
-
- Referring to multiple works:
As argued in (Smith 2001, pp. 145–56; Jones 2022, chap. 7)…
- Referring to multiple works:
- In-text citations of three or more authors or works should be moved to a footnote.
Smith, B. and Jones, A. (2019). ‘Pun-Based Titles: Can’t Stop, Won’t Stop’, Journal of Warm Takes, 11, pp. 11–29.
Notes:
- Single quotation marks
- Punctuation outside of quotation marks
- Title case for article and journal title
- Journal name in italics
- Volume number in bold
- Issue number not required
- Page numbers, not page range (leave blank for online-only sources or if no page numbers available)
- Page numbers exclude all repeated digits but the final two (pp. 122–25)
Smith, B. (1988). Remember When People Used to Read Books? Memoirs of a Grumpy Philosopher, Oxford University Press.
Notes:
- Title case for book title
- Book title in italics
- Publisher name is required; if in doubt, the information can be found on WorldCat.
- Cite the version you consulted, not e.g. the date of first publication. You need to show your working and different editions can differ quite significantly in various ways.
Jones, A. (2019). ‘Where Did It All Go Wrong?’, in B. Smith and A. Jones (eds), The Big Book of Bad Ideas, Oxford University Press, pp. 13–32.
Notes:
- Single quotation marks
- Punctuation outside of quotation marks
- Title case for chapter and book title
- Book title in italics
- Book editor(s) name(s) required, followed by (ed.) or (eds)
- Page numbers required
- Page numbers exclude repeated digits, except for the final two digits
- Publisher name is required; if in doubt, the information can be found on WorldCat.
- Cite the version you consulted, not e.g. the date of first publication. You need to show your working and different editions can differ quite significantly in various ways.
Smith, B. (unpublished). ‘Why Everyone Else Is Wrong’, available at ⟨arxiv.org/1234.5678⟩.
Jones, A. (2004). ‘People Might Actually Read This One’, in E. N. Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, available at [url goes here].
Smith, A., Smith, B. and Smith, C. (2021). ‘OMG We Have Been Published!’, Ergo, 15, available at [url goes here].
Smith, A., Smith, B. and Smith, C. (forthcoming). ‘OMG It’s Happening Again!’, Ergo, available at [if one exists, url goes here].
Smith, B. and Jones, A. (2020). ‘OMG We Have Been Published!’, Epoch Times, 13 May, available at ⟨epochtimes.com.org/1234.5678⟩.
Notes:
- Papers deposited in online archives such as arXiv and PhilPapers, as well as on personal websites, should be marked ‘unpublished’.
- Papers that have been accepted for publication but are only available as ‘online first’ and/or have yet to be assigned to an issue should be marked as ‘forthcoming’. Please provide the DOI. Please do not include page range; this is not the same as page number and will mislead readers.
- Wherever possible, please provide the stable url (for example, https://doi.org…).
Jones, A. (1981). ‘A Long Time Ago, in a Galaxy Far, Far Away’, PhD Thesis, University of Hard Knocks.
Smith, B. (2015). ‘Corporate Side-Hustle: Baby Needs New Shoes’, Technical Report TYE-234, Dollars-R-Us Associates.
- Data/code made available during the peer-review process should continue to be made available to readers in an online repository.
- If there is some reason this cannot be done, contact the editorial office immediately.
- The anonymized links for peer review should now be replaced with the stable URL.
- Please consider your life choices.
- A BJPS LaTeX template can be downloaded here.
- Upload both the .tex file (plus .bib and any image files) as well as the pdf, since we’ll need the latter for reference.
- Compile your .tex file on Overleaf to determine if it will compile in its entirety for us.
